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Indocyanine Green: Historical Context, Current Applications, and Future Considerations.

Michaela B Reinhart1, Ciara R Huntington1, Laurel J Blair1

  • 1Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.

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Indocyanine green (ICG), a medical dye since the 1950s, is increasingly used for real-time tissue perfusion analysis and identifying sentinel lymph nodes. Its safety and versatility offer significant potential for improved surgical outcomes and cancer detection.

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biomedical engineeringbreast surgerycolorectal surgeryherniasimage-guided surgeryneurosurgerysurgical oncology

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Area of Science:

  • Medical imaging and diagnostics
  • Fluorescent dyes in medicine
  • Surgical navigation technologies

Background:

  • Indocyanine green (ICG) has been utilized in various medical fields since the mid-1950s.
  • Historically applied in cardiology, ophthalmology, and neurosurgery.
  • Recent advancements leverage its fluorescent properties for intraoperative tissue perfusion assessment.

Observation:

  • ICG is a minimally toxic compound, primarily bound by albumin in circulation.
  • The liver facilitates rapid clearance of Indocyanine green.
  • Its stability is influenced by its binding to albumin.

Findings:

  • ICG demonstrates broad utility in hepatic, cardiac, and ophthalmologic studies.
  • Growing applications include real-time tissue perfusion analysis.
  • Identification of sentinel lymph nodes for cancer staging is a key emerging use.

Implications:

  • ICG offers a low-risk profile for patients.
  • Potential to reduce postoperative wound complications.
  • Enhanced intraoperative visualization for neurovascular and ophthalmic procedures.
  • Improved cancer detection and targeted therapy delivery.