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Related Concept Videos

Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics01:28

Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...
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Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase01:21

Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase

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In cellular metabolism (the complete breakdown of glucose to extract energy),  glycolysis is the first step. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport, where the transport takes place against the glucose concentration gradient. The other mechanism uses a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. These...
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Glycolysis: Pay-off Phase01:25

Glycolysis: Pay-off Phase

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So far, glycolysis has cost the cell two ATP molecules and produced two small, three-carbon sugar molecules. These molecules will proceed through the second half of the pathway, and sufficient energy will be extracted to pay back the two ATP molecules used as an initial investment and produce a profit for the cell of two additional ATP molecules and two even higher-energy NADH molecules.
Step 1 - 5: Glycolysis Preparatory Phase
The first phase of glycolysis has 5 steps where the glucose is...
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Glycolysis01:23

Glycolysis

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Glycolysis, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, is a central metabolic pathway involved in glucose catabolism. It is highly conserved across most organisms, reflecting its fundamental role in cellular energy production. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and can function both in the presence and absence of oxygen, making it versatile for various organisms and environmental conditions.Stages of GlycolysisGlycolysis is a ten-step pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating a net gain of...
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Editorial: Bioconversion and Biorefinery of C1 Compounds.

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Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability
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Phosphoketolase pathway engineering for carbon-efficient biocatalysis.

Calvin Andrew Henard1, Emily Frances Freed1, Michael Thomas Guarnieri1

  • 1National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|September 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic engineering can improve bio-product synthesis using the phosphoketolase pathway. This bypasses pyruvate decarboxylation, enhancing carbon efficiency and bioprocess economics for microbial biocatalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Biocatalysis

Background:

  • Microbial biocatalysts are engineered to produce diverse bio-products like fuels and drugs.
  • Acetyl-CoA is a central intermediate in bio-product synthesis from carbon substrates.
  • Current methods suffer low carbon efficiency due to carbon loss in pyruvate decarboxylation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the phosphoketolase pathway for direct acetyl-CoA biosynthesis.
  • To enhance carbon efficiency in biocatalytic processes.
  • To improve the economic viability of bioprocesses.

Main Methods:

  • Discussing advances in phosphoketolase pathway implementation.
  • Reviewing metabolic engineering strategies for acetyl-CoA production.
  • Analyzing carbon flux through alternative pathways.

Main Results:

  • The phosphoketolase pathway enables direct acetyl-CoA synthesis from various carbon sources.
  • Bypassing pyruvate decarboxylation significantly improves carbon yields.
  • Engineered microbial strains show enhanced production capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The phosphoketolase pathway is a promising strategy for efficient biocatalysis.
  • Metabolic engineering using this pathway can overcome limitations of conventional routes.
  • This approach offers substantial improvements in bioprocess economics.