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Starch structure in developing barley endosperm.

Anna Källman1, Eric Bertoft2, Kristine Koch1

  • 1Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|September 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Barley endosperm starch structure changes during development. The amo1 mutation in Karmosé barley impacts amylose content and amylopectin chain length, influencing starch density.

Keywords:
Amylopectin structureBarleyEndosperm developmentStarch

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Starch is a crucial energy reserve in plants, with its structure influencing nutritional and industrial properties.
  • Understanding starch development in barley (Hordeum vulgare) is key to improving grain quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural changes in barley endosperm starch during kernel development.
  • To analyze the impact of the amo1 mutation on starch composition and structure.

Main Methods:

  • Harvesting barley spikes at different developmental stages (9, 12, 24 days after flowering).
  • Analyzing kernel dry weight, starch content, and amylose content.
  • Performing structural analysis on whole starch and beta-limit dextrins, including chain-length distribution.

Main Results:

  • Kernel dry weight, starch, and amylose content increased with development.
  • The Karmosé cultivar (amo1 mutation) exhibited higher amylose and fewer long chains (DP ≥38) in amylopectin compared to Gustav and SLU 7.
  • During development, whole starch showed a decrease in chains of DP 22-37, while beta-limit dextrins showed an increase in Bfp-chains (DP 4-7) and a decrease in BSmajor-chains (DP 15-27).

Conclusions:

  • Developmental changes lead to a denser amylopectin structure with increased branching enzyme activity.
  • The amo1 mutation significantly alters starch composition, affecting amylose content and chain length distribution in barley endosperm.