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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
Published on: May 4, 2018
Advances and needs for endotoxin-free production strains
Seiichi Taguchi1,2, Toshihiko Ooi3,4, Kouhei Mizuno5
1Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan. staguchi@eng.hokudai.ac.jp.
Gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus and yeasts offer safe, endotoxin-free platforms for producing valuable products such as bioplastics and proteins. These microbes are ideal for sustainable industrial applications, avoiding the immunostimulatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in Gram-negative hosts.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Biotechnology
- Industrial Biotechnology
Background:
- Escherichia coli, a common production host, contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent endotoxin.
- Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus, LAB, Corynebacterium) and yeasts are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and endotoxin-free.
- This endotoxin presence complicates downstream processing for pharmaceutical and food-grade products.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the use of Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts as microbial hosts.
- To highlight their application in producing eco- and bio-friendly products.
- To showcase successful case studies for industrial production.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current knowledge on Gram-positive microbial production platforms.
- Analysis of case studies involving Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Corynebacterium, and yeasts.
- Focus on the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates, bacteriocins, and membrane proteins.
Main Results:
- Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts serve as effective, endotoxin-free platforms.
- Successful production of natural polyesters (polyhydroxyalkanoates), bacteriocins, and membrane proteins demonstrated.
- These GRAS microbes offer viable alternatives to Gram-negative hosts.
Conclusions:
- Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts are highly suitable for industrial production of valuable bioproducts.
- Their endotoxin-free nature simplifies downstream processing and enhances safety.
- These microorganisms are key players for sustainable and eco-friendly biomanufacturing.
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