Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

2.1K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.1K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

18.4K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
18.4K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

10.1K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
10.1K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

17.4K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
17.4K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

4.5K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
4.5K
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

17.9K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
17.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Targeting metabolic dependencies to reverse chemoradiotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer.

Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR·2026
Same author

Immunoglobulin divalence promotes B-cell antigen receptor cluster scale-dependent functions.

Cellular & molecular immunology·2025
Same author

Mechanotransduction governs CD40 function and underlies X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome.

Science advances·2024
Same author

TFEB activation hallmarks antigenic experience of B lymphocytes and directs germinal center fate decisions.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Quantitative description of the phase-separation behavior of the multivalent SLP65-CIN85 complex.

PNAS nexus·2024
Same author

Autoinhibition in the Signal Transducer CIN85 Modulates B Cell Activation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
09:35

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Published on: April 20, 2021

7.4K

The Memory Function of the B Cell Antigen Receptor.

Jürgen Wienands1, Niklas Engels2

  • 1Medical Faculty, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 34, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. jwienan@gwdg.de.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|September 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Memory B cells (MBCs) differentiate into plasma cells or other MBCs, retaining antigen experience. Their functional diversity in secondary responses is now understood, influenced by B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling and antigen type.

More Related Videos

Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
15:39

Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation

Published on: June 1, 2019

9.7K
The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
08:26

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

16.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
09:35

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Published on: April 20, 2021

7.4K
Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
15:39

Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation

Published on: June 1, 2019

9.7K
The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
08:26

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

16.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B lymphocytes differentiate into long-lived plasma cells or memory B cells (MBCs) to retain antigen experience.
  • Plasma cells continuously produce antibodies, while MBCs require pathogen-induced differentiation for active host defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of memory B cell (MBC) subpopulation generation during primary immune responses.
  • To elucidate the control mechanisms of MBC functional heterogeneity during antigen recall.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes recent findings on B cell memory.
  • Analysis of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) isotypes and antigen nature in MBC differentiation and function.

Main Results:

  • Secondary antibody responses are primarily driven by IgG+ MBCs, though IgM+ populations exist.
  • The differentiation of MBCs into plasma cells lacks the lag phase seen in primary responses.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances have elucidated the mechanisms underlying B cell memory.
  • MBC heterogeneity is controlled by BCR isotype signaling and antigen characteristics, impacting secondary immune responses.