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Decentralizing conservation and diversifying livelihoods within Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal
Pete Parker1, Brijesh Thapa2, Aerin Jacob3
1Department of Recreation & Tourism Management, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
Journal of Environmental Management
|September 13, 2015
Summary
Decentralized conservation in Nepal
Area of Science:
- Conservation science
- Rural development
- Socioeconomics
Background:
- Poverty alleviation and conservation require understanding livelihood strategies.
- Decentralizing conservation management is advocated but its impact on livelihood diversification is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and assess factors affecting household livelihood diversification.
- To evaluate decentralized conservation's impact in Nepal's Kanchenjunga Conservation Area Project.
Main Methods:
- Randomly surveyed 25% of households in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area.
- Used cluster analysis for livelihood strategies and multinomial logistic regression for predictors.
- Assessed socioeconomic, demographic characteristics, and access to livelihood assets.
Main Results:
- Identified four distinct household livelihood strategy groups correlating with income.
- Pre-existing socioeconomic factors (land, livestock, remittances, dependents) predicted diversification more than conservation activities.
- Decentralized conservation initiatives did not significantly boost diversification for all households.
Conclusions:
- Decentralized conservation in Kanchenjunga currently excludes marginalized groups.
- Without targeted policies, livelihood diversification remains limited, perpetuating resource dependence.
- Socioeconomic factors are key drivers of livelihood diversification, not solely conservation programs.
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