Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

1.4K
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
1.4K
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

112
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
112
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

68
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
68
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

1.9K
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
1.9K
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

65
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
65
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

118
Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
118

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Targeting SLC7A11 to Suppress PI3K/AKT Signaling: Dapagliflozin ameliorates MASH and associated renal injury via ferroptosis inhibition and Liver-Kidney axis regulation.

Biochemical pharmacology·2026
Same author

Construction of the Multi-Epitope HFMD Vaccine Based on an Attenuated CVB3 Vector and Evaluation of Immunological Responses in Mice.

Vaccines·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation on depressive and anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

STUB1 downregulates TOP2A through a dual mechanism of ubiquitination and FOXM1-mediated transcription repression, suppressing breast cancer growth and enhancing sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Cellular & molecular biology letters·2026
Same author

Prevalence and risk profiles of metabolic abnormalities (PRIMA): a large-scale, multicenter cross-sectional study among inpatients with schizophrenia in China.

BMC psychiatry·2026
Same author

The value of the AAGL staging system for predicting recurrence after conservative surgery for ovarian endometriomas.

Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene
07:00

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

Published on: April 1, 2019

10.6K

TPH2 gene polymorphisms and bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis.

Jin Gao1, Mingrui Jia2, Dongdong Qiao3

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, QingDao, Shandong, China.

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : the Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
|September 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variations in the TPH2 gene are linked to bipolar disorder (BD). Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs4760820 and rs11178998, show a significant association with BD risk.

Keywords:
associationbipolarmeta-analysistryptophan hydroxylase-2

More Related Videos

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting
11:31

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Published on: November 30, 2015

17.0K
Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene
07:00

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

Published on: April 1, 2019

10.6K
Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting
11:31

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Published on: November 30, 2015

17.0K
Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with disruptions in the brain's serotonergic system.
  • Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) is a key enzyme in serotonin synthesis and a potential factor in BD etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing studies on the association between TPH2 gene polymorphisms and BD.
  • To identify specific TPH2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly linked to bipolar disorder.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, HuGNet, CNKI) for TPH2 and BD association studies.
  • Included genome-wide association studies and their supplementary data published before August 2014.
  • Fixed and random effects models were used to synthesize effect sizes of independent SNPs studied in over three articles.

Main Results:

  • Eight studies investigated 63 TPH2 gene SNPs, identifying 12 independent SNPs after linkage disequilibrium analysis.
  • Three SNPs (rs4760820, rs11178998, rs7954758) were associated with BD using fixed effects models.
  • SNPs rs4760820 and rs11178998 maintained association with BD under more conservative random effects models.

Conclusions:

  • The SNPs rs4760820 and rs11178998 demonstrate a strong genetic association with bipolar disorder.
  • Further validation with larger sample sizes and diverse populations is recommended to confirm these findings.