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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Quantum interference
  • Nonlinear optics

Background:

  • The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is a fundamental quantum interference phenomenon in optics.
  • Experimental observations often show reduced visibility in HOM interferometers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nonlinearity on photon bunching in the HOM interferometer.
  • To explain the observed diminution of HOM visibility in experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the HOM interferometer with nonlinearity using a single two-level system.
  • Calculating the probability of photon anti-bunching in the presence of nonlinearity.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinearity smears statistical photon bunching in the HOM interferometer.
  • A finite probability of anti-bunching arises due to nonlinearity, reducing HOM visibility.
  • Nonlinearity causes weak photon blockade in resonant two-photon propagation through a two-level impurity in a waveguide.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinearity offers a plausible explanation for reduced HOM visibility in experiments.
  • The observed weak photon blockade effect may be stronger for multi-photon propagation.