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Related Experiment Video

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Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
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Strategic parenting, birth order, and school performance.

V Joseph Hotz1, Juan Pantano2

  • 1Department of Economics, Duke University, IZA & NBER, 213 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

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|September 15, 2015
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Summary

Parenting strategies evolve with birth order. Parents use stricter discipline for earlier children to improve later children's school performance, a pattern consistent with strategic parenting.

Keywords:
Birth orderGradesParental rulesParentingSchool performance

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Renewed interest exists regarding birth order's impact on human capital.
  • Causal mechanisms behind birth order effects are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between birth order, parental discipline, and children's school performance.
  • To test a reputation model of strategic parenting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Longitudinal Study Children (NLSY-C).
  • Analyzed the correlation between birth order, parental disciplinary stringency, and academic outcomes.
  • Examined parental stated disciplinary responses based on hypothetical child performance.

Main Results:

  • Children's school performance declines with increasing birth order.
  • Parental disciplinary restrictions become less stringent for later-born children.
  • Parents indicated less likelihood of punishing later-born children for poor grades.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a strategic parenting model where parents adjust discipline based on birth order.
  • Parental reputation management may influence child-rearing practices and educational outcomes.