Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

848
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
848
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

216
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
216
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

62
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
62
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.3K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.3K
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

68
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
68

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Physical Stability and Molecular Mobility of Resveratrol in a Polyvinylpyrrolidone Matrix.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Incommensurate Antiferromagnetic Order in Weakly Frustrated Two-Dimensional van der Waals Insulator CrPSe<sub>3</sub>.

Inorganic chemistry·2023
Same author

Experimental and theoretical insights into the structure and molecular dynamics of 2,3,3',4'-tetramethoxy-<i>trans</i>-stilbene - a chemopreventive agent.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2023
Same author

High Pressure-Driven Magnetic Disorder and Structural Transformation in Fe<sub>3</sub> GeTe<sub>2</sub> : Emergence of a Magnetic Quantum Critical Point.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2023
Same author

Crystallization Pathways and Evolution of Morphologies and Structural Defects of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> under Air Annealing.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2022
Same author

The Valence and Spin State Tuning of Iron(II/III) Porphyrazines with Bulky Pyrrolyl Periphery in Solution and Solid State.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Approach to Induce Petite Colonies in Drug&#45;Resistant Candida for Antifungal Research
09:06

Author Spotlight: Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Approach to Induce Petite Colonies in Drug-Resistant Candida for Antifungal Research

Published on: March 29, 2024

1.2K

The Pressure-Induced Polymorphic Transformations in Fluconazole.

Ekaterina A Gorkovenko1, Sergey E Kichanov1, Denis P Kozlenko1

  • 1Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|September 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers investigated fluconazole's structural changes under high pressure using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. A new triclinic form (form VIII) emerged at 0.8 GPa, with potential transformation to form IX at 3.2 GPa.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopyX-ray powder diffractometrycrystal structurematerials sciencephase transitionpolymorphism

More Related Videos

Automation of Bio-Atomic Force Microscope Measurements on Hundreds of C. albicans Cells
09:27

Automation of Bio-Atomic Force Microscope Measurements on Hundreds of C. albicans Cells

Published on: April 2, 2021

4.5K
Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis
09:44

Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis

Published on: June 13, 2021

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Approach to Induce Petite Colonies in Drug&#45;Resistant Candida for Antifungal Research
09:06

Author Spotlight: Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Approach to Induce Petite Colonies in Drug-Resistant Candida for Antifungal Research

Published on: March 29, 2024

1.2K
Automation of Bio-Atomic Force Microscope Measurements on Hundreds of C. albicans Cells
09:27

Automation of Bio-Atomic Force Microscope Measurements on Hundreds of C. albicans Cells

Published on: April 2, 2021

4.5K
Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis
09:44

Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis

Published on: June 13, 2021

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Fluconazole is a widely used antifungal medication.
  • Understanding its structural behavior under pressure is crucial for pharmaceutical applications and material science.
  • Polymorphism in pharmaceuticals can affect bioavailability and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the high-pressure structural properties and phase transitions of fluconazole.
  • To characterize new polymorphic forms of fluconazole under pressure.
  • To analyze the pressure-dependent changes in unit cell parameters and vibrational modes.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to study structural properties up to 2.5 GPa.
  • Raman spectroscopy was utilized to analyze vibrational spectra up to 5.5 GPa.
  • High-pressure techniques were applied to induce and observe phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • A polymorphic phase transition from form I to a new triclinic form VIII was observed at 0.8 GPa.
  • A potential transformation to another new polymorphic form IX was detected at 3.2 GPa.
  • Unit cell parameters, volumes, and vibration modes were determined as functions of pressure for the observed forms.

Conclusions:

  • Fluconazole exhibits significant structural changes and polymorphism under high pressure.
  • New high-pressure crystalline forms of fluconazole have been identified and characterized.
  • The study provides insights into the pressure-induced behavior of fluconazole, relevant for its solid-state properties.