Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

2.2K
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
2.2K
Norton's Theorem01:14

Norton's Theorem

1.8K
Norton's theorem is a fundamental principle stating that a linear two-terminal circuit can be substituted with an equivalent circuit, which comprises a current source (ⅠN) in parallel with a resistor (RN). Here, ⅠN represents the short-circuit current flowing through the terminals, and RN stands for the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when all independent sources are deactivated. This implies that the circuit illustrated in Figure (a) can be exchanged with the one depicted...
1.8K
Enolate Mechanism Conventions01:15

Enolate Mechanism Conventions

3.1K
When a carbonyl compound is treated with a strong base, the α position gets deprotonated to give a resonance-stabilized intermediate called an enolate. Enolates are ambident nucleophiles because they possess two nucleophilic sites that can attack an electrophile owing to the delocalization of the negative charge between the α carbon and oxygen atoms. When the oxygen atom attacks an electrophile, it is called O-attack, whereas electrophilic attack via the α carbon is known as...
3.1K
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

2.5K
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
2.5K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

7.4K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
7.4K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

1.6K
The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Proteomics and human microchips identify Thrombospondin-1 as a potential biomarker for calciphylaxis stem cell therapy.

iScience·2026
Same author

Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index For Evaluating Robotic and Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy in Upper Gastric Cancer.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same author

Self-Cleaning Pd-TiO<sub>2</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub> Heterostructure for High-Performance Hydrogen Gas Sensing.

ACS sensors·2026
Same author

From antibiotic impasse to cellular breakthrough: Advances in cell-based and cell-inspired strategies against bacterial infections.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2026
Same author

Influencing factors of sport performance during menstruation in elite female football players: a semi-structured interview-based study.

Science & medicine in football·2026
Same author

Refining predictive biomechanics for orthopedic healing.

Journal of orthopaedic translation·2026
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.2K

Vulnerability to ciphertext-only attack of optical encryption scheme based on double random phase encoding.

Xiaoli Liu, Jiachen Wu, Wenqi He

    Optics Express
    |September 15, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The traditional double random phase encoding (DRPE) is vulnerable to ciphertext-only attacks (COA). A new hybrid iterative phase retrieval (HIPR) algorithm can recover plaintext using the number of nonzero pixels (NNP).

    More Related Videos

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    9.1K
    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
    14:18

    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

    Published on: February 28, 2016

    12.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

    Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
    09:23

    Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

    Published on: May 30, 2014

    15.2K
    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    9.1K
    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
    14:18

    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

    Published on: February 28, 2016

    12.0K

    Area of Science:

    • Cryptography
    • Image Processing
    • Information Security

    Background:

    • The double random phase encoding (DRPE) is a widely used technique for secure image encryption.
    • DRPE is susceptible to ciphertext-only attacks (COA), posing a significant security risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the vulnerability of the traditional DRPE technique to ciphertext-only attacks.
    • To propose a novel hybrid iterative phase retrieval (HIPR) algorithm to address this vulnerability.

    Main Methods:

    • The study analyzes the security of DRPE against COA.
    • A hybrid iterative phase retrieval (HIPR) algorithm is developed, integrating various phase retrieval techniques.
    • The algorithm utilizes the estimated number of nonzero pixels (NNP) of the original plaintext for recovery.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed HIPR algorithm demonstrates the feasibility of recovering plaintext from ciphertext.
    • Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the method in recovering a significant portion of the original plaintext.
    • The vulnerability of DRPE to COA is confirmed under specific conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The traditional DRPE method is not secure against ciphertext-only attacks.
    • The developed HIPR algorithm offers a potential solution for recovering encrypted data in COA scenarios.
    • Further research may explore enhancements to DRPE or alternative encryption methods to improve security.