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High-precision flow temperature imaging using ZnO thermographic phosphor tracer particles.

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    Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles enhance temperature measurements in turbulent flows using thermographic particle image velocimetry. This tracer offers threefold higher temperature precision compared to traditional phosphors, improving flow analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fluid dynamics
    • Materials science
    • Optical diagnostics

    Background:

    • Thermographic particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a key technique for flow measurement.
    • Accurate temperature measurement in turbulent flows is crucial for understanding heat transfer and fluid behavior.
    • Existing thermographic phosphors have limitations in temperature sensitivity and precision.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize zinc oxide (ZnO) particles as tracers for temperature measurements in turbulent flows.
    • To compare the temperature precision of ZnO with a standard thermographic phosphor (BAM:Eu(2+)).
    • To investigate and correct for factors affecting ZnO luminescence intensity ratios.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a two-color, ratio-based thermographic technique.
    • Employed ZnO particles as temperature-sensitive tracers in a turbulent air jet (Re = 2000).
    • Investigated the influence of laser fluence and excitation irradiance on ZnO luminescence.
    • Developed a correction method for laser-dependent effects.

    Main Results:

    • ZnO demonstrated a threefold increase in temperature precision at room temperature compared to BAM:Eu(2+).
    • Identified and quantified the dependence of ZnO luminescence intensity ratio on laser fluence and irradiance.
    • Successfully corrected for laser-dependent effects, achieving temperature images with 4 K precision at 363 K.
    • Observed increasing sensitivity of ZnO across the 300-500 K range, with a potential precision of 3 K at 500 K.

    Conclusions:

    • ZnO particles are a highly sensitive tracer for temperature measurements in turbulent flows via thermographic PIV.
    • The developed correction method enhances the reliability of ZnO-based thermography.
    • ZnO extends the capabilities of thermographic PIV for studying flows with subtle temperature variations.