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The divergence of a vector is a measure of how much the vector spreads out (diverges) from a point. For example, an electric field vector diverges from the positive charge and converges at the negative charge. The divergence of an electric field is derived using Gauss's law and is equal to the charge density divided by the permittivity of space. Mathematically, it is expressed as
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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Divergence of optical vortex beams.

Salla Gangi Reddy, Chithrabhanu Permangatt, Shashi Prabhakar

    Applied Optics
    |September 15, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study analyzes optical vortex beam propagation using Gaussian beam width and vortex radii. Beam divergence is found to correlate with initial radii and beam order, aiding quantum communication fiber design.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Communication

    Background:

    • Optical vortices carry orbital angular momentum.
    • Understanding vortex beam propagation is crucial for advanced optical systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically and experimentally analyze optical vortex propagation in free space.
    • To investigate the divergence properties of vortex beams.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing host Gaussian beam width [w(z)].
    • Defining inner and outer radii of vortex beams at the source plane (z=0).
    • Analyzing the rate of change of radii with propagation distance (z).

    Main Results:

    • Propagation analysis is feasible using Gaussian beam width and source plane radii.

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  • Vortex beam divergence correlates with initial radii and beam order.
  • Divergence behavior mirrors the initial radial characteristics.

    • Conclusions:

    • The findings provide a framework for analyzing vortex beam propagation.
    • Results can inform the design of optical fibers for orbital angular momentum modes.
    • This research supports advancements in quantum communication technologies.