Noise analysis of the Vernier anode

In this work, the partition noise and the electronic noise of the Vernier anode are thoroughly analyzed based on the theory of statistical variation and error analysis. A new method calculating the inter-electrode capacitance of the Vernier anode is proposed, and the electronic noise's effect is discussed in detail, which is useful for the optimal design of a Vernier anode in the induced charge mode. The calculated results of the inter-electrode capacitance for a 0.891 mm period Vernier anode are in good agreement with the measured results.