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Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
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SI traceable algorithm for characterizing hyperspectral infrared sounder CrIS noise.

Yong Chen, Fuzhong Weng, Yong Han

    Applied Optics
    |September 15, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The Allan deviation method provides a stable estimate of noise equivalent differential radiance (NEdN) for the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the S-NPP satellite. This SI-traceable noise measurement improves data accuracy for weather prediction models.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric remote sensing
    • Satellite meteorology
    • Instrument calibration and validation

    Background:

    • The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Satellite (S-NPP) is vital for atmospheric profiling and numerical weather prediction.
    • Noise Equivalent Differential Radiance (NEdN) is a critical parameter in CrIS sensor data records (SDR), impacting retrieval accuracy and data assimilation.
    • Existing methods for NEdN estimation face challenges due to slow variations in internal calibration target (ICT) radiance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the application of the Allan deviation method for estimating CrIS NEdN.
    • To compare the Allan deviation method with the standard deviation method for NEdN calculation.
    • To establish an internationally traceable method for quantifying CrIS instrument noise.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the International System of Units (SI) traceable Allan deviation method to analyze CrIS SDR data.
    • Employed a dataset characterized by slowly varying internal calibration target (ICT) radiance.
    • Calculated NEdN using both Allan deviation and the standard deviation method for comparison.

    Main Results:

    • The Allan deviation method yields a converged and stable NEdN value when the number of samples or averaging window size is set to 510.
    • This SI-traceable noise estimation using Allan deviation is more robust against ICT radiance variations.
    • An optimal averaging window size of 30 was determined for NEdN calculation using the standard deviation method.

    Conclusions:

    • The Allan deviation method offers a reliable and SI-traceable approach for estimating CrIS NEdN, crucial for accurate atmospheric data.
    • This method enhances the quality of CrIS SDR products, leading to improved satellite radiance assimilation and weather forecasting.
    • The findings provide a foundation for more accurate characterization of instrument noise in satellite remote sensing applications.