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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases
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Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases

Published on: April 2, 2014

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Designed nucleases for targeted genome editing.

Junwon Lee1, Jae-Hee Chung2,3, Ho Min Kim2

  • 1Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Plant Biotechnology Journal
|September 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome editing technologies precisely modify DNA using designed nucleases. Understanding DNA repair mechanisms and nuclease types like CRISPR-Cas9 facilitates broader applications in research and biotechnology.

Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas9double-strand breakhomology-directed repairnonhomologous end-joiningtranscription activator-like effector nucleasezinc-finger nuclease

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genome editing technologies offer precise DNA modification capabilities.
  • Applications are expanding across research, medicine, and biotechnology.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 has increased accessibility and affordability of genome editing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review DNA repair mechanisms following double-strand breaks (DSBs).
  • To discuss three types of designed nucleases for targeted genome editing.
  • To facilitate broader applications of genome editing technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of DNA repair pathways: nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR).
  • Discussion of designed nucleases: zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems.
  • Analysis of single-strand break induction by nickases for genome editing.

Main Results:

  • DSBs are repaired via NHEJ or HDR, leading to genome modification.
  • Designed nucleases enable targeted DSB formation for precise editing.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 systems are increasingly utilized due to accessibility and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DSB repair mechanisms is crucial for effective genome editing.
  • Various designed nucleases offer distinct advantages for targeted genetic modifications.
  • Advancements in genome editing hold significant potential for scientific and medical breakthroughs.