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Related Concept Videos

Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Unilateral Pyramidotomy of the Corticospinal Tract in Rats for Assessment of Neuroplasticity-inducing Therapies
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Stathmin is enriched in the developing corticospinal tract.

Heidi R Fuller1, Robert Slade2, Nataša Jovanov-Milošević3

  • 1Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK; Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; Postgraduate Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.

Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
|September 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified key proteins, including stathmin 1, crucial for corticospinal tract (CST) development. Understanding these proteins may aid in regenerating the CST after spinal cord injury.

Keywords:
Corticospinal tractDevelopmentMicrotubule dynamicsProteomicsSpinal cordStathmin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Proteomics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The proteome of the developing corticospinal tract (CST) is largely unknown.
  • Understanding CST development is crucial for spinal cord injury (SCI) regeneration strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize proteins involved in rat CST development using quantitative proteomics.
  • To investigate the role of specific proteins, like stathmin 1, in CST formation and neurite outgrowth.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of developing rat CST.
  • Immunohistochemistry on rat spinal cord and human fetal brainstem.
  • In vitro growth assays of rat corticospinal neurons.

Main Results:

  • Identified 65 upregulated proteins during early CST axon ingrowth and 36 during heightened growth.
  • Found proteins associated with cytoskeletal organization and microtubule dynamics.
  • Stathmin 1 was highly enriched in the developing CST and modulated neurite outgrowth in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Stathmin 1 activity may regulate axonal growth during corticospinal projection development.
  • Microtubule dynamics are critical for both the generation and potential regeneration of the CST.