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Toxicities of the anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint antibodies
1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore jarushka_14@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
Immune checkpoint antibodies that augment the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 pathway have demonstrated antitumor activity across multiple malignancies, and gained recent regulatory approval as single-agent therapy for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma and nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Knowledge of toxicities associated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, as well as effective management algorithms for these toxicities, is pivotal in order to optimize clinical efficacy and safety. In this article, we review selected published and presented clinical studies investigating single-agent anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and trials of combination approaches with other standard anticancer therapies, in multiple tumor types. We summarize the key adverse events reported in these studies and their management algorithms.
Insights
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway show antitumor effects in various cancers. Understanding and managing their toxicities is crucial for patient safety and treatment success.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 pathway have shown significant antitumor activity.
- Regulatory approval has been granted for single-agent therapy in metastatic malignant melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.
- Optimizing clinical efficacy and safety necessitates a thorough understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade toxicities and their management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review clinical studies on single-agent anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and combination approaches.
- To summarize key adverse events associated with these therapies.
- To outline effective management algorithms for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade toxicities.
Main Methods:
- Review of published and presented clinical studies.
- Analysis of trials involving single-agent anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
- Examination of combination approaches with standard anticancer therapies across multiple tumor types.
Main Results:
- PD-1/PD-L1 blockade demonstrates antitumor activity in various malignancies.
- Key adverse events associated with PD-1/PD-L1 therapy have been identified.
- Management strategies for treatment-related toxicities are being developed.
Conclusions:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 are effective in treating certain cancers.
- Adverse events are common and require careful management.
- Further research into optimizing safety and efficacy of these immunotherapies is ongoing.
