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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...
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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Coherence and Rydberg Blockade of Atomic Ensemble Qubits.

M Ebert1, M Kwon1, T G Walker1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers encoded multiatom ensemble qubits using Rydberg blockade in optically trapped Rubidium atoms. This demonstrates a key step towards deterministic entanglement of atomic ensembles.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum information science
  • Atomic physics
  • Ensemble quantum computing

Background:

  • Quantum computing relies on robust qubits.
  • Multiatom ensembles offer a scalable approach to qubit realization.
  • Controlling interactions between atomic ensembles is crucial for quantum operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the encoding of multiatom ensemble qubits using the |W⟩ state.
  • To investigate the coherence times and Rydberg blockade effects in these systems.
  • To assess the potential for deterministic entanglement of atomic ensembles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing optically trapped Rubidium (Rb) atoms.
  • Encoding quantum information in the |W⟩ state of multiatom ensembles.
  • Measuring coherence times (T2) and Rydberg blockade fidelity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a T2 coherence time of 2.6(3) ms for an average of 7.6 atoms, inversely scaling with atom number.
  • Demonstrated strong Rydberg blockade between two ensemble qubits with 0.89(1) fidelity.
  • Obtained near-perfect fidelity (~1.0) for Rydberg blockade when postselected on control ensemble excitation.

Conclusions:

  • The |W⟩ state encoding is effective for multiatom ensemble qubits.
  • Rydberg blockade in these systems is strong and controllable.
  • These findings represent significant progress towards deterministic entanglement of atomic ensembles.