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Related Concept Videos

Ampere's Law: Problem-Solving01:31

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Ampere's law states that for any closed looped path, the line integral of the magnetic field along the path equals the vacuum permeability times the current enclosed in the loop. If the fingers of the right hand curl along the direction of the integration path, the current in the direction of the thumb is considered positive. The current opposite to the thumb direction is considered negative.
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A fundamental property of a static magnetic field is that it is not conservative, unlike an electrostatic field. Instead, there is a relationship between the magnetic field and its source, electric current. Mathematically, this is expressed in terms of the line integral of the magnetic field, which is also known as Ampère’s law. It is valid only if the currents are steady and no magnetic materials or time-varying electric fields are present.
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Andreev-Bragg Reflection from an Amperian Superconductor.

P Baireuther1, T Hyart1, B Tarasinski1

  • 1Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters
|September 16, 2015
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Summary

A new electrical measurement detects Amperian pairing in superconductors. This method uses Andreev-Bragg reflections to distinguish this novel electron pairing from conventional types, aiding high-Tc cuprate research.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The pseudogap phase in high-temperature cuprate superconductors exhibits complex electronic states.
  • Understanding electron pairing mechanisms beyond conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate an electrical measurement for detecting Amperian pairing.
  • To differentiate Amperian pairing from normal and BCS pairing states in superconductors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Bragg scattering from pair-density waves to induce momentum shifts.
  • Employing a three-terminal device with a ballistic Y junction connecting normal leads and the superconductor.
  • Measuring cross-conductance (dI1/dV2) as a function of applied voltage.

Main Results:

  • Andreev-Bragg reflections generate odd multiples of 2k(F) momentum shifts.
  • The cross-conductance exhibits an opposite sign for Amperian pairing compared to normal or BCS states.
  • This provides a distinct electrical signature for Amperian pairing.

Conclusions:

  • An electrical measurement can successfully detect Amperian pairing in the pseudogap phase of cuprates.
  • The proposed method offers a new avenue for probing exotic superconducting states.
  • This finding advances the understanding of unconventional superconductivity.