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Related Concept Videos

Conservation of Angular Momentum01:09

Conservation of Angular Momentum

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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce...
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Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a...
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Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis01:11

Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis

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Imagine a rigid body with a mass denoted as 'm', which has its center of mass at point G and is rotating around an inertial reference frame. The angular momentum at an arbitrary point P can be calculated by taking the cross product of the position vector and linear momentum vector for each individual mass element.
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Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

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Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
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Angular Momentum01:21

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Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
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Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

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The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
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Controllable all-fiber orbital angular momentum mode converter.

Shuhui Li, Qi Mo, Xiao Hu

    Optics Letters
    |September 16, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a low-cost, all-fiber orbital angular momentum (OAM) converter. This device enables controllable conversion between fiber modes, offering versatility for optical communication applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Communications
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes offer new possibilities for increasing data capacity in optical communications.
    • Efficient and versatile methods for generating and converting OAM modes in fiber are crucial for practical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a controllable, scalable, low-cost, and versatile all-fiber converter for orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes.
    • To achieve selective conversion between the fundamental mode and various higher-order OAM modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a two-mode fiber (TMF) integrated with a single-mode fiber input.
    • Employed a mechanical long-period grating (LPG) for mode conversion.
    • Incorporated metal flat slabs and a fiber polarization controller to precisely adjust phase differences between modes.

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    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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    Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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    Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated selective conversion from the fundamental LP(01) mode to LP(11a), LP(11b), OAM(-1), and OAM(+1) modes.
    • The proposed scheme allows for controllable and versatile OAM mode manipulation within an all-fiber setup.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed all-fiber OAM converter is a scalable and cost-effective solution.
    • This technology holds promise for advancing high-capacity optical communication systems through OAM multiplexing.