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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

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Craniosynostosis.

Lance S Governale1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Neurosurgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Pediatric Neurology
|September 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial sutures, often requires early surgical intervention. Recognizing characteristic head shapes aids diagnosis, distinguishing it from positional plagiocephaly.

Keywords:
craniofacialcraniosynostosisminimally invasiveneurosurgerypediatricplagiocephaly

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Genetics
  • Craniofacial Medicine

Background:

  • Craniosynostosis involves premature fusion of cranial sutures, affecting approximately 8% of patients with familial or syndromic forms.
  • Familial cases often exhibit autosomal dominant inheritance, linked to fibroblast growth factor receptor pathway disruptions.
  • Distinctive head shapes aid in bedside diagnosis and differentiation from positional plagiocephaly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of craniosynostosis, including its causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and intervention for managing craniosynostosis.
  • To inform about current surgical approaches for craniosynostosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on craniosynostosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria based on head shape.
  • Overview of surgical techniques for craniosynostosis correction.

Main Results:

  • Craniosynostosis can be familial/syndromic or spontaneous.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial due to risks associated with untreated conditions.
  • Multiple surgical options exist, including open reconstruction, minimally invasive techniques, and distraction.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis of craniosynostosis is essential for timely surgical management.
  • Referral to a pediatric craniofacial center ensures comprehensive evaluation of all treatment options.
  • Effective management strategies aim to mitigate risks and improve outcomes for affected children.