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Related Concept Videos

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Is Prenatal Lead Exposure a Concern in Infancy? What Is the Evidence?

Kimberly A Allen1

  • 1Department of Women, Children, and Family Health Science, Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep and Health Research, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago.

Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses
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PubMed
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Prenatal lead exposure, particularly in industrial areas, poses risks to infants. Maternal factors and origin influence elevated umbilical cord lead levels, with potential neurological impacts requiring further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Childhood deaths are linked to unsafe environments, with lead exposure being a significant factor, especially in urban and industrial regions.
  • Lead, a heavy metal, readily crosses the placenta and blood-brain barrier, impacting fetal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify maternal-fetal pairs at high risk for elevated umbilical cord lead (Pb) levels.
  • To investigate the health consequences of elevated umbilical cord lead levels in infants.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of English-language studies published between 2005 and March 2015.
  • Searched PubMed using keywords 'lead' and 'infant' to identify relevant articles on prenatal lead exposure and infant outcomes.
  • Analyzed 17 selected articles for data on risk factors and consequences.

Main Results:

  • Elevated umbilical cord blood lead levels were associated with maternal demographics and country of origin.
  • Maternal exposure to lead products before or during pregnancy correlated with higher infant lead levels.
  • Observed mixed anthropometric outcomes at birth; neurological consequences, specifically cognitive impairment, require additional investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Primary prevention of lead exposure throughout life is crucial, with targeted policies for children and women of childbearing age.
  • Future research should prioritize preventing lead exposure during pregnancy and addressing lead leaching from bones in women.