Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

1.1K
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
1.1K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

883
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
883
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

957
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
957
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics01:16

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics

2.8K
Diuretics are antihypertensive drugs used to treat hypertension resulting from sodium and water retention. Sodium, vital for fluid balance and nerve or muscle function, is regulated by the kidneys through millions of nephrons. Blood enters nephrons via afferent arterioles, which branch into capillaries called glomeruli. These filter blood plasma, allowing water and solutes, like sodium ions, to pass through capillary walls into Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then flows through various...
2.8K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

3.0K
In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
3.0K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

958
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
958

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In remembrance: the life and legacy of George L. Bakris (1952-2024).

Journal of hypertension·2025
Same author

Aldosterone synthase inhibition in chronic kidney disease.

Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension·2025
Same author

Understanding hypertension following solid organ transplantation: current trends and future perspectives.

Journal of hypertension·2025
Same author

Guidelines for the management of hypertension in CKD patients: where do we stand in 2024?

Clinical kidney journal·2024
Same author

Effect of heart failure and atrial fibrillation on cardiorespiratory fitness in hemodialysis patients.

International urology and nephrology·2024
Same author

Feel the rhythm of the beat: rhythmic components in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for predicting cardiovascular risk in CKD patients.

Journal of human hypertension·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.5K

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and blood pressure decrease: a valuable effect of a novel antidiabetic

Konstantinos P Imprialos1, Pantelis A Sarafidis, Asterios I Karagiannis

  • 1aSecond Propaedeutic Department of Medicine bDepartment of Nephrology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Journal of Hypertension
|September 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, used for type 2 diabetes, offer mild but significant reductions in blood pressure (BP). This review summarizes studies on SGLT-2 inhibitors and their effects on BP.

More Related Videos

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.4K
Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.5K
Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.4K
Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus affects over 300 million globally, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors represent a new class of drugs for type 2 diabetes management.
  • SGLT-2 inhibition in the renal proximal tubule reduces glucose reabsorption, improving glycemic control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and present findings on the effects of approved SGLT-2 inhibitors on blood pressure (BP).
  • To consolidate evidence regarding the BP-lowering potential of SGLT-2 inhibitors as a secondary outcome in clinical studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies evaluating SGLT-2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, etc.) as monotherapy or add-on treatment.
  • Analysis of studies comparing SGLT-2 inhibitors against placebo or active treatments, focusing on BP as a secondary endpoint.
  • Inclusion of studies utilizing both office and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

Main Results:

  • All approved SGLT-2 inhibitors demonstrated a mild yet meaningful reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in office settings.
  • Individual agents showed some variations in their BP-lowering effects.
  • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data suggest potentially greater BP reductions than observed in office measurements.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT-2 inhibitors possess mild natriuretic and diuretic properties contributing to BP reduction.
  • The observed BP reduction is a clinically relevant effect alongside glycemic control benefits.
  • Further research using ambulatory monitoring may better quantify the antihypertensive effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors.