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The Other Helicobacters.

Bram Flahou1, Emiko Rimbara2, Shigetarou Mori2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Helicobacter
|September 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent discoveries reveal novel Helicobacter species in diverse animals, with implications for human health. These findings highlight the broader impact of Helicobacter infections beyond gastric disease.

Keywords:
Animal modelsEnterohepatic Helicobacter speciesGastric Helicobacter speciesHost immune responsePathogenesis of infection

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • Zoonotic Pathogens
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Numerous novel Helicobacter species have been identified in various animal hosts, expanding our understanding of this bacterial genus.
  • Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter infections are increasingly recognized, particularly in China, and enterohepatic species like Helicobacter cinaedi are linked to diverse pathologies.
  • Research is exploring the mechanisms of gastric Helicobacter infections, including their role in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize recent findings on novel Helicobacter species and their associated diseases.
  • To highlight the expanding spectrum of Helicobacter infections and their potential impact on host health.
  • To underscore the significance of non-H. pylori Helicobacter research in both animal and human contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recently described Helicobacter species and associated studies.
  • Analysis of case reports and epidemiological data on Helicobacter infections.
  • Synthesis of findings from experimental studies in animal models.

Main Results:

  • Identification of new Helicobacter species in marmots (H. himalayensis), field mice (H. apodemus), and primates (Candidatus H. homininae).
  • High prevalence of gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter infections reported in China.
  • Enterohepatic Helicobacter species, notably H. cinaedi, implicated in various human diseases.
  • Studies elucidated mechanisms of gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter-induced lymphoma in rodent models.
  • Investigation into the effects of gastric Helicobacter infections on neuroinflammation.
  • Demonstration that enterohepatic Helicobacter species influence gut microbiota, vaccine efficacy, and distant cancer progression.

Conclusions:

  • The Helicobacter genus is more diverse than previously thought, with implications for zoonotic potential.
  • Non-H. pylori Helicobacter species represent a significant and growing area of clinical and research interest.
  • Helicobacter infections have wide-ranging effects, impacting the gut, immune system, and potentially distant organs, necessitating further investigation.