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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Mouse Models Of Helicobacter Infection And Gastric Pathologies
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Published on: October 18, 2018

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Gastric Microbiota.

Gianluca Ianiro1, Javier Molina-Infante2, Antonio Gasbarrini1

  • 1Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Helicobacter
|September 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The human stomach harbors a diverse gastric microbiota beyond Helicobacter pylori. This microbial community, alongside H. pylori, plays a role in gastric diseases, necessitating further research for effective management.

Keywords:
H. pylorigastric cancergastric diseasesgut microbiotaprobiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Human Microbiome Research

Background:

  • The stomach was historically considered sterile until the discovery of Helicobacter pylori in 1983.
  • Recent research (2015 onwards) using culture-independent methods reveals a complex gastric microbiota coexisting with H. pylori.
  • This challenges the notion that H. pylori is the sole bacterial factor in gastric pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the existence and significance of the non-H. pylori gastric microbiota.
  • To underscore the potential role of this microbiota in gastric diseases.
  • To emphasize the need for further investigation into gastric microbiota functions and therapeutic modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized culture-independent analysis techniques.
  • Investigated the microbial composition of the human gastric mucosa.
  • Focused on identifying bacterial communities beyond Helicobacter pylori.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed the presence of a diverse, non-H. pylori microbial community in the human stomach.
  • Established that H. pylori is not the only bacterial inhabitant of the gastric mucosa.
  • Provided evidence for the existence of the human gastric microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • The human stomach is a complex ecosystem harboring a significant gastric microbiota.
  • This microbiota, in addition to H. pylori, may contribute to the development of gastric diseases.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the gastric microbiota's role and to develop targeted therapies for gastric conditions.