Effect of Fat Intake on the Inflammatory Process and Cardiometabolic Risk in Obesity After Interdisciplinary Therapy

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Obesity Research
• Metabolic Health

Background:

• Obesity and its comorbidities are linked to diet, sedentary lifestyles, and excessive sugar/fat intake.
• Understanding macronutrient roles in weight loss is crucial for effective obesity treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate how macronutrient type influences health benefits during weight loss in obese women.
• To assess the impact of dietary changes on body composition, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory markers.

Main Methods:

• A 26-week interdisciplinary therapy program for 30 obese women, including nutritional counseling, exercise, and psychological support.
• Assessment of anthropometrics, body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), food intake, and blood biomarkers (metabolic and adipokines).

Main Results:

• Significant reductions in anthropometric and body composition variables were observed.
• Improvements in LDL-cholesterol, PAI-1, leptin, CRP, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1.
• Lower carbohydrate and fat intake correlated with weight loss; reduced fat intake had a greater impact on inflammation.

Conclusions:

• Macronutrient type significantly influences the health benefits derived from weight loss in obese individuals.
• Dietary fat reduction is key for mitigating inflammation and cardiovascular risk.
• Carbohydrate reduction impacts body composition and leptin levels, contributing to weight management.