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Related Concept Videos

Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Fracture of Jammed Colloidal Suspensions.

M I Smith1

  • 1School of Physics, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.

Scientific Reports
|September 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Concentrated colloidal suspensions jam due to interparticle friction. This study reveals two distinct jamming regimes and demonstrates that vibrations can control granulation, making the fluid flowable.

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Rheology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Concentrated colloidal suspensions exhibit shear-thickening, jamming, and granulation at high shear rates.
  • These phenomena are hypothesized to arise from interparticle friction overcoming lubrication forces.
  • This suggests parallels with granular materials, which exhibit friction-induced jamming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the jamming and granulation of concentrated colloidal suspensions using transient rheological measurements.
  • To determine if frictional contacts are formed between jammed particles.
  • To characterize the different jamming regimes and their associated behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Transient rheological measurements were employed to probe colloidal suspension behavior.

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  • Analysis focused on viscosity changes, jamming transitions, and granulation processes.
  • Vibrational stimuli were applied to assess their effect on jamming and flow.

    • Main Results:

    • Rheological measurements confirmed the creation of frictional contacts between jammed particles.
    • Two distinct jamming regimes were identified, separated by a critical strain rate.
    • Different fracture and breakup behaviors were observed in each regime.
    • Vibrations were shown to control jamming and granulation in the lower strain rate regime, yielding a flowable fluid.

    Conclusions:

    • Frictional contacts play a crucial role in the jamming and granulation of concentrated colloidal suspensions.
    • The observed two-regime jamming behavior provides new insights into suspension mechanics.
    • Vibrational control offers a potential method for manipulating the flow properties of these systems.