Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 3, 2026
Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography
Published on: November 14, 2025
Contrast-enhanced dual energy mammography with a novel anode/filter combination and artifact reduction: a feasibility
Thomas Knogler1,2, Peter Homolka3, Mathias Hörnig4
1Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. thomas.helbich@meduniwien.ac.at.
Objectives:
To demonstrate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced dual-energy mammography (CEDEM) using titanium (Ti) filtering at 49 kVp for high-energy images and a novel artefact reducing image-subtraction post-processing algorithm.
Methods:
Fifteen patients with suspicious findings (ACR BI-RADS 4 and 5) detected with digital mammography (MG) that required biopsy were included. CEDEM examinations were performed on a modified prototype machine. Acquired HE and low-energy raw data images were registered non-rigidly to compensate for possible subtle tissue motion. Subtracted CEDEM images were generated via weighted subtraction, using a fully automatic, locally adjusted tissue thickness-dependent subtraction factor to avoid over-subtraction at the breast border. Two observers evaluated the MG and CEDEM images according to ACR BI-RADS in two reading sessions. Results were correlated with histopathology.
Results:
Seven patients with benign and eight with malignant findings were included. All malignant lesions showed a strong contrast enhancement. BI-RADS assessment was altered in 66.6 % through the addition of CEDEM, resulting in increased overall accuracy. With CEDEM, additional lesions were depicted and false-positive rate was reduced compared to MG.
Conclusions:
CEDEM using Ti filtering with 49 kVp for HE exposures is feasible in a clinical setting. The proposed image-processing algorithm has the potential to reduce artefacts and improve CEDEM images.
Key Points:
• CEDEM with a titanium filter is feasible in a clinical setting. • Breast thickness-dependent image subtraction has the potential to improve CEDEM images. • The proposed image-processing algorithm reduces artefacts.
