Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.3K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.3K
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

3.4K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
3.4K
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.2K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The combined administration of LNC-encapsulated retinoic acid and calcitriol stimulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo after intranasal administration.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2024
Same author

Comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of natalizumab and fingolimod in rapidly evolving severe relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the United Kingdom.

Journal of medical economics·2023
Same author

[Type I interferons].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2021
Same author

The modified DYMUS questionnaire is a reliable, valid and easy-to-use tool in the assessment of dysphagia in multiple sclerosis.

European journal of neurology·2020
Same author

Kappa free light chains is a valid tool in the diagnostics of MS: A large multicenter study.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2019
Same author

Microbes and Alzheimer' disease: lessons from H. pylori and GUT microbiota.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2019
Same journal

Blood Pressure Control With Clevidipine Is Associated With Hematoma Volume Reduction in Acute Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study.

European journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

CGRP-Targeted Therapy in Vestibular Migraine-How Strong Is the Evidence?

European journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Direct Thrombectomy vs. Combined Treatment With Intravenous Thrombolysis in the Extended Time Window: A Target Trial Emulation.

European journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Pharmacological Treatment of Cerebellar Ataxia in Pediatric Ataxia-Telangiectasia: A Systematic Review.

European journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Intensive Rehabilitation With Adjunctive Bilateral Anodal tDCS in Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

European journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Distal Agrin (AGRN) Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome With Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

European journal of neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
05:55

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.5K

A basic overview of multiple sclerosis immunopathology.

N Grigoriadis1, V van Pesch2,

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.

European Journal of Neurology
|September 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves immune system dysregulation, leading to central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and neurodegeneration. Early intervention targeting specific immune pathways is crucial for managing MS progression and demyelination.

Keywords:
B cellsTh17 lymphocytesimmune dysregulationinflammationmultiple sclerosisneurodegenerationpathophysiology

More Related Videos

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord
10:44

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Published on: February 22, 2015

11.4K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Pathway Linking Obesity to Autoimmune Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
08:17

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Pathway Linking Obesity to Autoimmune Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: February 23, 2024

6.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
05:55

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.5K
Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord
10:44

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Published on: February 22, 2015

11.4K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Pathway Linking Obesity to Autoimmune Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
08:17

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Pathway Linking Obesity to Autoimmune Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: February 23, 2024

6.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex CNS disease featuring inflammation, neurodegeneration, and impaired repair.
  • Immune dysregulation, initiated by activated dendritic cells, drives MS pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the immunopathology of MS.
  • To highlight the importance of early intervention in managing MS.
  • To categorize current immunotherapies based on underlying MS pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MS pathogenesis, focusing on immune cell involvement.
  • Analysis of the role of dendritic cells, T cells (Th1, Th17, CD8+), and B cells.
  • Examination of neuroinflammatory mediators and their impact on demyelination and axonal loss.

Main Results:

  • Activated dendritic cells cross the blood-brain barrier, promoting pro-inflammatory T cell differentiation.
  • Macrophages and microglia activation release cytokines and radicals causing demyelination and axonal damage.
  • Early axonal degeneration and brain volume decline are key pathological hallmarks.

Conclusions:

  • Effective MS management requires early intervention to control inflammation.
  • Immunotherapies, including immunomodulation and immunosuppression, must align with specific MS immunopathologies.
  • Understanding the immune mechanisms is vital for developing targeted MS treatments.