CD4+CD28null T cells in acute coronary syndrome: lower with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Nehad M Sayed1, Safaa M Abdel-Rahman1, Iman Esmat2
1a Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.
Insights
Patients with acute coronary syndrome have higher CD4 + CD28null T cells. This percentage is significantly elevated in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome compared to ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cardiology
- Biomedical Science
Background:
- CD4 + CD28null T cells are a distinct T cell subset implicated in immune responses.
- Understanding their role in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is crucial for risk stratification and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the difference in CD4 + CD28null T cell percentages between ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).
Main Methods:
- Flow cytometry was used to quantify CD4 + CD28null T cells in 55 ACS patients and 16 healthy controls.
- Blood samples were collected at enrollment for analysis.
Main Results:
- The study cohort showed significantly higher CD4 + CD28null T cell percentages (5.9 ± 3.8%) compared to controls (0.8 ± 0.7%).
- NSTE-ACS patients had a higher percentage (7.3 ± 4.1%) than STEMI patients (4.6 ± 3.1%).
- Multivariable analysis confirmed ACS type as the sole independent predictor of CD4 + CD28null T cell percentage.
Conclusions:
- CD4 + CD28null T cell percentage is elevated in ACS patients.
- NSTE-ACS is associated with a higher percentage of CD4 + CD28null T cells compared to STEMI.
- ACS type independently predicts CD4 + CD28null T cell levels.
Objectives:
We explored any possible difference in the percentage of CD4 + CD28null T cells between patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and those with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome.
Design:
We enrolled 55 consecutive patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome, and 16 healthy control subjects. CD4 + CD28null T cell percentage was assayed by flow cytometry from blood samples withdrawn at the time of enrollment.
Results:
Mean age was 55.2 ± 10.8 years (69.1% males). Mean CD4 + CD28null T cell percentage was 5.9 ± 3.8% in the study cohort versus 0.8 ± 0.7% in controls (p < 0.001). Mean CD4 + CD28null T cell percentage was higher in patients presenting with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome versus those presenting with STEMI: 7.3 ± 4.1% versus 4.6 ± 3.1%, respectively (p = 0.008). Multivariable regression analysis identified the category of acute coronary syndrome as the only variable independently associated with CD4 + CD28null T cell percentage (p = 0.007).
Conclusions:
In patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome, the CD4 + CD28null T cell percentage was higher in patients with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome versus those with STEMI. The category of acute coronary syndrome was the only variable independently associated with the CD4 + CD28null T cell percentage in multivariable regression analysis.
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