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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Isolation and Enrichment of Human Lung Epithelial Progenitor Cells for Organoid Culture
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Evidence for lung epithelial stem cell niches.

Matt L Donne1, Andrew J Lechner1, Jason R Rock2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

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Summary

Recent research identified lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells. This discussion explores the regulatory niches governing their behavior, crucial for lung health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cell Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Recent studies have identified distinct epithelial stem and progenitor cell populations within the lung.
  • Understanding the regulation of these cells is critical for comprehending lung homeostasis and repair.
  • Dysregulation of these cells is implicated in various lung diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the evidence for regulatory niches that control lung epithelial stem cells.
  • To highlight the mechanisms governing the behavior of these crucial cell populations.
  • To provide a foundation for future research into lung stem cell biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lung epithelial stem cells.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding the role of microenvironmental niches.
  • Discussion of regulatory mechanisms impacting cell behavior.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports the existence of specialized niches for lung epithelial stem cells.
  • These niches provide signals that regulate stem cell function.
  • Understanding these niches is key to understanding lung regeneration and disease.

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory niches are essential for maintaining lung epithelial stem cell populations.
  • Further research into these niches will illuminate lung development, repair, and disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeting these niches may offer therapeutic strategies for lung conditions.