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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Perception is theorized as an inferential process, integrating sensory input with expectations.
  • Hallucinations can arise from degraded sensory information combined with top-down expectations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if prestimulus activity patterns in sensory circuits predict false perceptions.
  • To determine if spontaneous brain activity, reflecting prior expectations, predisposes individuals to hallucinations.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study brain activity.
  • Participants performed a challenging visual detection task involving oriented gratings in noise.
  • Prestimulus activity in the early visual cortex was analyzed for its link to subsequent perception.

Main Results:

  • Lower overall prestimulus activity was associated with increased hallucinations.
  • A bias in prestimulus activity patterns toward the expected grating also predisposed participants to hallucinations.
  • These findings link the state of sensory circuits before stimulation to perceptual outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Hallucinations may stem from imprecise and biased states of sensory circuits prior to sensory evidence processing.
  • The findings suggest that the brain's predictive state influences perception, especially under challenging conditions.