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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
Published on: October 4, 2024
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Epidemiology and Treatment
Liisa Hantsoo1, C Neill Epperson2
1Department of Psychiatry, Penn Center for Women's Behavioral Wellness, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. liisaha2@mail.med.upenn.edu.
Abstract:
Recently designated as a disorder in the DSM-5, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) presents an array of avenues for further research. PMDD's profile, characterized by cognitive-affective symptoms during the premenstruum, is unique from that of other affective disorders in its symptoms and cyclicity. Neurosteroids may be a key contributor to PMDD's clinical presentation and etiology, and represent a potential avenue for drug development. This review will present recent literature on potential contributors to PMDD's pathophysiology, including neurosteroids and stress, and explore potential treatment targets.
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