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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

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Progressive Spinal Kyphosis in the Aging Population.

Tamir Ailon1, Christopher I Shaffrey, Lawrence G Lenke

  • 1*Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; ‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri; §Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Neurosurgery
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PubMed
Summary

Thoracic hyperkyphosis, an excessive spinal curve, affects 20-40% of older adults. It is linked to poor health outcomes, but nonoperative treatments can help manage its progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Geriatrics
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Thoracic kyphosis increases with age, with hyperkyphosis defined as excessive spinal curvature.
  • Hyperkyphosis is prevalent (20-40%), particularly in the geriatric population.
  • It is associated with adverse health effects like pain, disability, and increased mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the epidemiology, etiology, natural history, management, and outcomes of thoracic hyperkyphosis.
  • To explore the implications of hyperkyphosis in adult spinal deformity surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative literature review was conducted.
  • The review focused on studies concerning thoracic hyperkyphosis and adult spinal deformity surgery.

Main Results:

  • Causes are multifactorial, including degenerative changes, fractures, muscle weakness, and biomechanical alterations.
  • Nonoperative management can slow progression and improve function.
  • Surgery for isolated hyperkyphosis in the elderly is rare due to risks, but considered for significant global deformities.

Conclusions:

  • Thoracic hyperkyphosis is common in older adults and linked to adverse health outcomes.
  • Nonoperative therapies show promise in managing kyphosis progression.
  • Hyperkyphosis significantly impacts surgical planning for adult spinal deformities.