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Using eDNA to experimentally test ungulate browsing preferences.

Ruth V Nichols1, Joris P G M Cromsigt2, Göran Spong3

  • 1Molecular Ecology Research Group, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 90183 Umeå, Sweden ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new DNA method (biteDNA) identified wild ungulate diets. All four species preferred deciduous over coniferous plants, revealing species-specific food preferences in mixed wildlife groups.

Keywords:
DNADeerHerbivorySweden

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Wildlife Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Large herbivores significantly influence ecosystem processes, but quantifying their impact in multispecies settings is challenging.
  • Traditional methods like direct observation or feeding trials have limitations in accurately assessing diets of sympatric wild herbivores.
  • Differentiating foraging preferences among species with similar feeding habits and bite marks is difficult in natural environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel environmental DNA (eDNA)-based method, termed biteDNA, for analyzing ungulate browsing preferences.
  • To investigate the dietary selection of four sympatric ungulate species in a wild setting.
  • To enhance the understanding of plant-animal interactions within complex ecological communities.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of a new eDNA-based technique (biteDNA) to extract and identify ungulate species from saliva residues on browsed plants.
  • Field-based sampling of plant material showing signs of browsing by target ungulate species.
  • DNA analysis to identify the specific ungulate species responsible for browsing on different plant types.

Main Results:

  • The biteDNA method successfully identified the browsing preferences of four sympatric ungulate species.
  • Significant variation in food preferences was observed among the studied ungulate species.
  • All four ungulate species demonstrated a strong preference for deciduous plant species over coniferous species.

Conclusions:

  • The developed eDNA-based biteDNA method provides a powerful tool for detailed analysis of plant-animal interactions in multispecies herbivore assemblages.
  • Understanding species-specific dietary preferences is crucial for predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes and for effective wildlife management.
  • This method overcomes limitations of traditional techniques, enabling fine-scale dietary studies in complex wild ecosystems.