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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

52.6K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
52.6K
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

46.7K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
46.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke
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Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke

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Cigarette smoking effect on human cochlea responses.

Mehrdad Rogha1, Mostafa Hashemi1, Narges Askari1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Advanced Biomedical Research
|September 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Smoking significantly impacts hearing, causing cochlear damage detectable by otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests. Smokers showed reduced hearing thresholds and OAE amplitudes, indicating impaired outer hair cell function.

Keywords:
Cigarettecochleaotoacoustic emissionsmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Audiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and respiratory conditions.
  • Cigarette smoking can damage the cochlea, leading to hearing loss.
  • Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) assess cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) function and auditory system responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate hearing thresholds in smokers versus non-smokers.
  • To assess the impact of smoking on cochlear function using OAEs.

Main Methods:

  • Pure tone audiometry was used to measure hearing thresholds.
  • Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission (TEOAE) and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) tests were performed.
  • Comparison between smoker and non-smoker groups.

Main Results:

  • Smokers exhibited a significant decrement in hearing threshold at 8000 Hz.
  • Reduced DPOAE and TEOAE amplitudes were observed in the smoker group (P < 0.05).
  • Declining DPOAE amplitudes indicate smoking-induced cochlear damage.

Conclusions:

  • Otoacoustic emission tests provide a clinically non-invasive, accurate, and objective evaluation of cochlear OHC performance.
  • Smoking negatively affects cochlear function, as evidenced by audiometric and OAE measures.