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Human optokinetic nystagmus and spatial frequency.

Jonathan Waddington, Christopher M Harris

Journal of Vision

|September 19, 2015

Summary

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) relies on stochastic processes. Increasing stimulus spatial frequency boosts slow-phase velocity, reducing retinal slip but rarely eliminating it, revealing insights into OKN gain dynamics.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Oculomotor Systems
Sensory Processing

Background:

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is a crucial reflex for stabilizing gaze during movement.
OKN exhibits an irregular sawtooth waveform due to variable slow phases (SPs) and quick phases (QPs).
Previous research identified three stochastic processes governing OKN parameters: QP amplitude, SP amplitude, and SP velocity update dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of stimulus spatial frequency on the stochastic processes underlying OKN.
To determine how spatial frequency influences SP velocity, retinal slip, and OKN gain.

Main Methods:

Experimental manipulation of stimulus spatial frequency for suprathreshold OKN stimuli.
Measurement of slow-phase (SP) velocity and retinal slip.

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Analysis of the relationship between spatial frequency, SP velocity, retinal slip, and OKN gain properties.

Main Results:

Increasing stimulus spatial frequency significantly enhanced SP velocity.
Higher spatial frequencies led to a reduction in retinal slip, though it rarely approached zero.
Retinal slip reduction was less effective at lower spatial frequencies, increasing the difference between retinal and extraretinal gain.

Conclusions:

The OKN system's inability to consistently minimize retinal slip suggests a gain less than unity.
The interplay between retinal and extraretinal gain, influenced by spatial frequency, dictates the Markov properties of SP velocity.
Spatial frequency is a critical factor modulating OKN dynamics and its underlying stochastic processes.