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Visual function in multiple sclerosis.

B Ashworth1, P A Aspinall, J D Mitchell

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh.

Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Contrast sensitivity testing is highly effective for detecting visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, even with normal visual acuity. This method identified abnormalities in over 92% of eyes, surpassing other visual function tests.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) can affect visual pathways, leading to subclinical visual dysfunction.
  • Assessing visual function is crucial for understanding MS-related neurological impact.
  • Previous methods for visual assessment in MS patients have varying degrees of sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of various visual function tests in detecting abnormalities in MS patients with normal visual acuity.
  • To identify the most sensitive diagnostic tool for visual impairment in early-stage MS.
  • To correlate visual function test results with a history of optic neuritis.

Main Methods:

  • 126 patients with MS and normal visual acuity underwent a battery of visual function tests.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tests included: visual evoked potential (VEP), contrast sensitivity (CS) using three methods, and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test.
  • Patients with a history of unilateral acute optic neuritis were specifically analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Contrast sensitivity was the most sensitive test, detecting abnormalities in 92.2% of eyes.
    • Visual evoked potential (VEP) showed delays in 35.6% of patients.
    • Color vision abnormalities were found in less than one-third of patients; CS deficits were widespread across spatial frequencies, with 4 cycles/degree being particularly indicative.

    Conclusions:

    • Contrast sensitivity testing is a highly effective method for detecting visual dysfunction in MS patients, even with preserved visual acuity.
    • CS testing, particularly at 4 cycles/degree, offers a sensitive and efficient approach to identifying visual pathway involvement in MS.
    • Patients with a history of optic neuritis exhibited more pronounced visual function abnormalities.