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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

230.7K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

7.3K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

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Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

6.2K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

1.6K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales
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Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales

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Diffusive transport through a model host-biofilm system.

A C Aristotelous1, I Klapper1,2, Y Grabovsky1

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study examines reactive depletion in complex host-biofilm systems. We identify two distinct regimes: a homogenized mixture behaving like a single biofilm, or separated microbiofilms with independent environments.

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Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Free-living biofilms are well-understood, but host-associated biofilms remain less studied.
  • Host-biofilm systems often involve heterogeneous mixtures of microbes and host materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze reactive depletion in heterogeneous host-biofilm systems.
  • To identify distinct physical regimes governing these complex microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of reactive depletion.
  • Modeling of heterogeneous microbial systems.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct regimes of reactive depletion were identified.
  • Regime 1: Homogenizable mixtures acting as a single macrobiofilm.
  • Regime 2: Separated microbiofilms with independent local environments.

Conclusions:

  • Host-biofilm systems exhibit complex behaviors not seen in simple biofilms.
  • Understanding these regimes is crucial for predicting microbial dynamics in host-associated environments.