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X-ray-driven reaction front dynamics at calcite-water interfaces.

Nouamane Laanait1, Erika B R Callagon2, Zhan Zhang3

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Scientists observed instabilities during calcite dissolution at the mineral-water interface. These reaction front instabilities, exceeding 30 nm/s, indicate transport-limited mineral dissolution under extreme conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Kinetics

Background:

  • Biogeochemical processes at mineral-aqueous interfaces are crucial for Earth systems.
  • Understanding carbonate mineral growth and dissolution requires precise control over interfacial thermodynamics.
  • Current methods often lack the spatial and temporal resolution to capture dynamic interfacial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of calcite dissolution at the mineral-water interface.
  • To observe and characterize reaction front propagation under controlled thermodynamic conditions.
  • To identify the factors influencing reaction front instabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a focused synchrotron X-ray beam to drive calcite dissolution.
  • Employed surface X-ray microscopy to probe reaction front dynamics in situ.
  • Applied a kinetic reaction model to characterize evolving surface structures and solution composition.

Main Results:

  • Observed evolving surface structures controlled by time-dependent solution composition.
  • Detected reaction front instabilities at velocities exceeding 30 nanometers per second.
  • Correlated instabilities with extreme disequilibrium conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals reaction front instabilities as a signature of transport-limited calcite dissolution.
  • Extreme disequilibrium drives these instabilities at the calcite-water interface.
  • Provides new insights into the kinetics and mechanisms of mineral dissolution.