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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Related Experiment Video

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Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Functional changes in inter- and intra-hemispheric cortical processing underlying degraded speech perception.

Gavin M Bidelman1, Megan Howell2

  • 1Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.

Neuroimage
|September 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Listening to speech in noise relies on robust left hemisphere processing. Poorer signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) impair left-sided speech areas, and right hemisphere recruitment doesn't compensate for this decline.

Keywords:
Auditory scene analysisEvent-related brain potentials (ERPs)Hemispheric lateralityNeural compensationReverse hierarchy theory (RHT)Speech processingSpeech-in-noise (SIN) perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics

Background:

  • Poorer signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) impact auditory cortical event-related potentials, potentially altering hemispheric processing.
  • Increased right hemisphere activity in speech-in-noise (SIN) tasks may indicate resource recruitment or left-hemisphere decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural basis of speech-in-noise (SIN) perception.
  • To determine how varying SNRs affect auditory cortical activity and functional lateralization.
  • To elucidate the role of left vs. right hemisphere involvement in SIN processing.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded neuroelectric activity in normal-hearing listeners processing speech sounds at different SNRs.
  • Assessed behavioral SIN performance, noting the right ear advantage.
  • Utilized source analysis to examine region-specific neural generator contributions in linguistic and auditory brain areas.

Main Results:

  • Left inferior frontal areas (e.g., Broca's) disengaged at poorer SNRs, without rightward lateralization.
  • Left primary auditory cortex showed greater noise resilience than the right, but a left-to-right shift in dominance occurred at lower SNRs.
  • The right ear advantage in SIN performance correlated with activity in the inferior frontal gyrus, not primary auditory cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Adverse acoustic conditions alter the functional asymmetry of cortical speech processing.
  • Effective "cocktail party" listening relies on the integrity of left-hemisphere speech representations, not compensatory right-hemisphere mechanisms.