Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

551
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
551
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

390
Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
390
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

710
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
710
Methods of Documentation V: CBE01:23

Methods of Documentation V: CBE

1.5K
Charting by Exception, or CBE, is a method of documentation used in healthcare, particularly in nursing, that focuses on documenting only significant or abnormal findings rather than recording every detail. This approach aims to streamline the documentation process, improve efficiency, and ensure that healthcare providers can quickly identify deviations from normalcy in patient assessments.
In CBE, healthcare professionals establish predefined standards of practice that define what constitutes...
1.5K
Bioequivalence: Overview01:16

Bioequivalence: Overview

2.2K
Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...
2.2K
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

1.5K
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Cluster Randomized Trial of an mHealth Intervention for Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease: Rationale and Design of the READYorNot CHD Study.

CJC pediatric and congenital heart disease·2026
Same author

Initial Vancomycin Taper for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Causality in Observational Cardiology: "Chapeau" to a Bias Analysis Approach.

Circulation. Population health and outcomes·2026
Same author

Extended thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: A Bayesian meta-analysis and umbrella review.

The American journal of emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis-A Systemic Review and Bayesian Meta-analysis.

The Canadian journal of cardiology·2025
Same author

Sex Differences in the Impact of Exercise Volume on Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Meta-Analysis.

JACC. Advances·2025
Same journal

Access in all areas? A round-up of developments in market access and health technology assessment: part 15.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with multiple myeloma administered ciltacabtagene autoleucel in outpatient versus inpatient settings after one to three prior lines of therapy.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Considerations for assessing the feasibility of network meta-analysis of seasonal vaccines.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Covariate selection and adjustment for efficacy and safety endpoints in indirect comparative effectiveness analyses of CAR-T-cell therapies for large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Acthar Gel treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or dermatomyositis/polymyositis: analysis of physician-reported charts.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Use of intracardiac echocardiography and three-dimensional mapping during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation is associated with reduced complications: a retrospective analysis of United States Medicare Fee-For-Service Database.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

13.7K

Improving the evidence base for better comparative effectiveness research.

James M Brophy1

  • 1Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine avenue West, Ross 4.12, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada.

Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research
|September 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The validity of published research for clinical decisions is often questionable. New methods in comparative effectiveness research aim to improve evidence quality and reliability in medicine.

Keywords:
Bayesian analysiscardiologycomparative effectiveness researchmedical ethicsrandomized registries

More Related Videos

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.9K
The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
06:05

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

13.7K
Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.9K
The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
06:05

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical research methodology
  • Medical evidence evaluation

Background:

  • The evidence base for clinical decision-making over the past 20 years is frequently suboptimal.
  • Published research, crucial for informed medical choices, may not always be valid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the questionable validity of existing medical evidence.
  • To introduce and discuss recent advancements in comparative effectiveness research (CER).

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of emerging methodologies for designing and analyzing CER.
  • Illustrative examples drawn from cardiology literature.

Main Results:

  • Identified suboptimal evidence base for clinical decision-making.
  • Highlighted recent methodological improvements in CER.

Conclusions:

  • The assumption of validity in published evidence is sometimes questionable.
  • Emerging CER methods offer potential to enhance the reliability of medical research.
  • Principles discussed are applicable across various medical disciplines.