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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

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The Neurophysiologist Perspective into MS Plasticity.

Elise Houdayer1, Giancarlo Comi2, Letizia Leocani2

  • 1Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.

Frontiers in Neurology
|September 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves cortical dysfunction and motor system plasticity, impacting symptoms like fatigue and pain. Neurophysiological tools like electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) help study and modulate these changes.

Keywords:
electroencephalographymultiple sclerosisnon-invasive brain stimulationplasticitytranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, disabling inflammatory disease affecting young adults.
  • MS symptoms like fatigue, spasticity, and pain are linked to cortical dysfunction and corticospinal motor system plasticity.
  • Existing pharmacological treatments for MS symptoms are often ineffective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of neurophysiological tools for studying plasticity in MS.
  • To explore techniques for modulating cortical plasticity in MS patients.
  • To highlight the role of electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in MS research and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) and related techniques (evoked potentials) to assess cortical function.
  • Employing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for both diagnostic assessment and plasticity modulation.
  • Reviewing non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like repetitive TMS and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

Main Results:

  • EEG and TMS are established tools for MS diagnosis, providing insights into cortical dysfunction.
  • These neurophysiological methods can effectively study the plasticity of the corticospinal motor system in MS.
  • Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques show promise as add-on therapies for MS symptom management.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical plasticity plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology and symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
  • Neurophysiological tools, particularly EEG and TMS, are vital for understanding and potentially treating MS.
  • Non-invasive brain stimulation offers a promising avenue for modulating plasticity and improving MS outcomes.