Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

76.3K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
76.3K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

1.1K
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
1.1K
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

32
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
32
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

1.3K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.3K
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

3.8K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
3.8K
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

823
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
823

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trauma-Informed Care in Nursing Curricula: Development of a Simulation-Based Educational Framework to Guide Health Professions.

Nursing education perspectives·2024
Same author

Sequences at gene segment termini inclusive of untranslated regions and partial open reading frames play a critical role in mammalian orthoreovirus S gene packaging.

PLoS pathogens·2024
Same author

Creation and characterization of a recombinant mammalian orthoreovirus expressing σ1 fusion proteins encoding human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 peptides.

Virology·2023
Same author

Rational design of oral drugs targeting mucosa delivery with gut organoid platforms.

Bioactive materials·2023
Same author

Sequences at gene segment termini inclusive of untranslated regions and partial open reading frames play a critical role in mammalian orthoreovirus S gene packaging.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023
Same author

Mammalian orthoreovirus infection in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023
Same journal

Working towards a single-dose vaccine for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.

Future virology·2026
Same journal

Building a better natural killer (NK) cell: Fc receptor engineering strategies for NK cell therapeutics.

Future virology·2025
Same journal

Spillover of Rat Hepatitis E Virus into Humans: An Emerging Zoonosis?

Future virology·2025
Same journal

Live long and persist: polyomavirus immune evasion in the brain and kidney.

Future virology·2025
Same journal

The hidden impact of producer cells on virion composition and infectivity.

Future virology·2025
Same journal

Challenges in identifying and estimating undiagnosed HIV infection.

Future virology·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules
09:33

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Published on: May 12, 2017

15.2K

Stress Granules and Virus Replication.

Cathy L Miller1

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.

Future Virology
|September 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses hijack cellular protein synthesis, triggering the innate immune response and forming stress granules (SGs). Viruses interact with SGs, impacting their replication.

Keywords:
Virusescellular stresseIF2α phophorylationinnate immunityreplicationstress granulestranslation

More Related Videos

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Stress Granule Formation After Bacterial Challenge of Mammalian Cells
11:37

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Stress Granule Formation After Bacterial Challenge of Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 3, 2017

10.8K
Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells
10:12

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Published on: May 21, 2014

18.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules
09:33

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Published on: May 12, 2017

15.2K
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Stress Granule Formation After Bacterial Challenge of Mammalian Cells
11:37

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Stress Granule Formation After Bacterial Challenge of Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 3, 2017

10.8K
Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells
10:12

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Published on: May 21, 2014

18.9K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Viruses rely on host cell translation for protein synthesis.
  • The innate immune system activates PKR, inhibiting translation and forming stress granules (SGs) to limit viral spread.
  • Stress granules sequester mRNAs, halting protein production until cellular stress subsides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on stress granules.
  • To elucidate the role of stress granules in viral replication.
  • To understand how viruses interact with and modulate stress granule formation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on stress granules and viral interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying SG formation and regulation.
  • Examination of viral strategies to manipulate SG dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Stress granule formation is a cellular defense mechanism against viral infections.
  • Viruses from various families have evolved mechanisms to associate with SG proteins.
  • Viral modulation of SGs can either inhibit or promote viral replication depending on the virus-host interplay.

Conclusions:

  • Stress granules play a complex role in the host-innate immune response to viral infections.
  • Understanding virus-SG interactions is crucial for developing novel antiviral strategies.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize the dynamic interplay between viruses and SGs.