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Lactation and contraception.

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Limited evidence exists on hormonal contraception

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Maternal-Child Health

Background:

  • Breastfeeding and postpartum contraception are public health priorities.
  • Optimizing guidance requires critical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review evidence on hormonal contraception's effect on breastfeeding.
  • Compare global and US contraceptive recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence, including randomized controlled trials.
  • Comparison of international and US guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Limited high-quality evidence on hormonal contraceptives and breastfeeding/neonatal outcomes.
  • More evidence supports early progestin-only contraceptive initiation.
  • Sparse evidence on early combination hormonal contraceptive initiation.

Conclusions:

  • WHO and US Medical Eligibility Criteria (MEC) differ.
  • WHO MEC is more restrictive due to potential maternal-child health impacts.
  • Further clinical trials are needed to clarify hormonal contraception's impact on breastfeeding.