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Related Experiment Video

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Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults
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Children's perceptions about medicines: individual differences and taste.

Julie A Mennella1, Kristi M Roberts2, Phoebe S Mathew3

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Summary

Children with specific bitter taste receptor gene variants are more likely to reject liquid medications due to taste. Understanding genetic differences in taste perception is key for developing better pediatric drug formulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Genetic variations in bitter taste receptors (TAS2R38) influence children's sensitivity to medication taste.
  • Previous studies linked TAS2R38 variation to solid formulation use.
  • This study explored the link between TAS2R38 variation and liquid medication acceptance in young children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between TAS2R38 genetic variants and children's rejection of liquid medications.
  • To assess children's self-reported experiences with medication taste and palatability.
  • To determine the concordance between children's and mothers' reports of past medication experiences.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective interviews with 172 children (3-10 years) and 130 mothers.
  • Genotyping of children for the TAS2R38 A49P variant.
  • Comparison of children's responses with their genotype and maternal reports.

Main Results:

  • Children over 4 years old frequently rejected medications due to taste.
  • Children with at least one sensitive TAS2R38 allele (AP or PP genotype) were significantly more likely to reject liquid medications compared to those with the AA genotype (p=0.02).
  • Children's and mothers' reports on past medication issues showed significant concordance (p=0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Individual genetic differences in taste perception significantly impact children's acceptance of liquid medications.
  • Incorporating children's genetic profiles and direct feedback on palatability is crucial for developing acceptable pediatric drug formulations.
  • Systematic data collection from children and caregivers can improve the development of effective and well-accepted pediatric medicines.