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Outcomes of isoniazid prophylaxis among HIV-infected children attending routine HIV care in Kenya

E O Masini1, J Sitienei1, H Weyeinga1

  • 1Division of Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Ministry of Health, Kenya.

Public Health Action
|September 23, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is feasible for children with HIV in Kenya, showing high completion rates (91.7%) and low loss to follow-up. Few adverse events occurred during the 6-month treatment course.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Public health interventions
  • HIV/AIDS management

Background:

  • Children with HIV are at increased risk for opportunistic infections like tuberculosis (TB).
  • Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is a key strategy to reduce TB incidence in vulnerable populations.
  • Implementing IPT in resource-limited settings requires evaluation of its effectiveness and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine treatment completion, loss to follow-up, adverse drug reactions, TB incidence, and mortality rates.
  • To assess the feasibility of providing 6-month IPT to HIV-infected children in Kenyan HIV care clinics.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective record review of 606 HIV-infected children receiving IPT.
  • Study conducted across three HIV care clinics in Eastern Province, Kenya.
  • Data collected on treatment outcomes, adverse events, and TB diagnosis during and after IPT.

Main Results:

  • High IPT completion rate of 91.7% (556/606 children).
  • Low rates of loss to follow-up (0.7%) and adverse drug reactions (0.3%).
  • 18 children (3%) developed TB during or shortly after IPT, with 2 deaths; no isoniazid resistance detected.

Conclusions:

  • IPT provision is feasible and effective in Kenyan HIV care clinics for children.
  • High treatment adherence and safety profile support IPT scale-up in this population.
  • Monitoring for TB remains crucial during and after IPT completion.
Abstract

Keywords:
adverse drug reactionsisoniazid prophylaxisloss to follow-uptreatment completiontuberculosis

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