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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
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Absorption of Nutrients01:19

Absorption of Nutrients

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Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
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Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique

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Claudin gene expression patterns do not associate with interspecific differences in paracellular nutrient absorption.

Edwin R Price1, Katherine H Rott1, Enrique Caviedes-Vidal2

  • 1Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
|September 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bats show greater intestinal absorption of glucose-sized molecules due to potentially higher intestinal tight junction permeability. This study found no consistent differences in claudin gene expression between bats and non-flying mammals.

Keywords:
Comparative transcriptomicsIntestineOccludinParacellular absorptionTight junction

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative physiology
  • Gastrointestinal biology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Bats exhibit enhanced paracellular absorption of glucose-sized molecules compared to non-flying mammals.
  • Intestinal tight junction permeability, influenced by proteins like claudins and occludin, is a key factor in this absorption difference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind higher paracellular absorption in bats.
  • To compare intestinal permeability and tight junction protein expression across bat and non-flying mammal species.

Main Methods:

  • Measured paracellular probe (l-arabinose) absorption in bats, voles, and hedgehogs.
  • Conducted histological analysis of enterocyte numbers.
  • Quantified mRNA levels of claudins and occludin, normalizing to ZO-1 expression.

Main Results:

  • Bat intestinal absorption of l-arabinose was significantly higher than in voles and hedgehogs.
  • Hedgehogs possessed more enterocytes, ruling out simple cell number as the cause of higher bat absorption.
  • No consistent species-specific differences were found in the normalized mRNA expression ratios of key tight junction genes.

Conclusions:

  • Higher paracellular absorption in bats is not explained by increased enterocyte numbers or consistent differences in mRNA expression of major tight junction proteins.
  • Differences in protein expression or post-translational modifications may underlie the observed variations in intestinal permeability and absorption among species.