Generation of 8 nJ pulses from a normal-dispersion thulium fiber laser

We report a study of a mode-locked thulium (Tm) fiber laser with varying normal dispersion. It is difficult to reach the high-energy dissipative-soliton regime due to the anomalous dispersion of most fibers at 2 μm. With large normal dispersion, the laser exhibits elements of self-similar pulse evolution, and is the first Tm fiber laser to achieve the performance benefits of normal-dispersion operation. The laser generates 7.6 nJ pulses, which can be dechirped to 130 fs duration. The resulting peak power is 4 times higher than that of previous Tm fiber lasers.